Your amazing brain you carry around a three pound mass of wrinkly текст егэ

You carry around a three-pound mass of wrinkly material in your head that controls every single thing you will ever do. From enabling you to think, learn, create, and feel emotions to controlling every blink, breath, and heartbeat — this fantastic control center is your brain. It is a structure so amazing that in the foreword to Discovering the Brain, famous scientist James Watson wrote, “The brain is the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe. It contains hundreds of billions of cells interlinked through trillions of connections. The brain confuses the mind.” Obviously to understand brain function, we need to confront its complexity.
Imagine your kitten is on the kitchen counter. She’s about to step onto a stove. You have only seconds to act. Accessing the signals coming from your eyes, your brain quickly calculates when, where, and at what speed you will need to dive to intercept her. Then it orders your muscles to do so. Your timing is perfect and she’s safe. No computer can come close to your brain’s awesome ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information coming from your eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
Your brain contains about 100 billion microscopic cells called neurons — so many it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see, or move, it’s because tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron highways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages zip around inside it every second like a supercharged pinball machine. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And while a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a low-wattage bulb.
Neurons send information to your brain at more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. For example, a bee lands on your bare foot. Sensory neurons in your skin relay this information to your spinal cord and brain at a speed of more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to transmit the message back through your spinal cord to your foot to shake the bee off quickly. Motor neurons can relay this information at more than 200 miles (322 kilometers) per hour.
Riding a bike seems impossible at first. But soon you master it. How? As you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages along certain pathways of neurons over and over, forming new connections. In fact, the structure of your brain changes every time you learn, as well as whenever you have a new thought or memory.
It is well known that any exercise that makes your heart beat faster, like running or playing basketball, is great for your body and can even help improve your mood. But large-scale efforts of scientists from a group of institutes from the National Institutes of Health have recently showed that for a period of time after you’ve exercised, your body produces a chemical that makes your brain more receptive for gaining new knowledge. So if you’re stuck on a homework problem, go out and play a game of soccer, then try the problem again. You just might discover that you’re able to solve it.

ВОПРОС 1: According to the text, the most distinctive characteristic of the brain is its
1) ability to control the body.
2) elaborateness.
3) size.
4) weight.

ВОПРОС 2: The claims that the brain is better than any computer because it
1) processes more information.
2) works faster.
3) can download information from different sources.
4) reacts to information more adequately.

ВОПРОС 3: According to the text, the work of brain neurons influences
1) electricity production.
2) our dreams.
3) everything we do.
4) character of messages we send.

ВОПРОС 4: The narrator compares the work of neurons to a pinball machine to
1) show the character of brain work.
2) raise the awareness of the brain’s nature.
3) stress the amount of information that the brain processes.
4) illustrate the shape of the neuron highways.

ВОПРОС 5: Comparing sensory and motor neurons, we can make a conclusion that
1) motor neurons transmit information faster.
2) there are more motor neurons.
3) sensory neurons transmit information faster.
4) there are more sensory neurons.

ВОПРОС 6: The structure of brain changes when
1) our memory fails.
2) new neurons appear.
3) we are riding a bike.
4) we acquire new knowledge.

ВОПРОС 7: Physical exercises proved to be good for …
1) the production of brain chemicals.
2) solving homework problems.
3) giving the brain a rest.
4) maintaining a good mood.

External Independent Testing

Do Test 4 to get ready to external independent testing. External independent testing Test 4 will help you check your knowledge and develop reading skills.

External independent evaluation or External independent testing (EIT, external testing, ET) is the examination for admission to universities in Ukraine.

Level B1/B2

External Independent Testing Test 4

Task 1. Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5).There are three choices you do not need to use. 

Body Language

1________ 

Shaking hands is a polite gesture indicating friendship and acceptance. At one time, however, meeting with a stranger aroused suspicion and fear. To prevent each other from suddenly attacking, strangers joined right hands as a solemn promise of nonaggression, thus demonstrating that neither party was about to use a weapon. Handshaking is now an activity practiced by both men and women not only to greet one another, but to seal a contract as well.

2________

The American “OK” sign, the joining of the thumb and forefinger in a circle, indicates that all is well or perfect. The “OK” sign acquired its modern connotation from the ancient world, in which the circle itself was one of the oldest and most common symbols for perfection. The verbal expression “OK” is native to the United States and was formed in support of the letter “O” indicating that something was as perfect as a circle.

3________

When not used in hitchhiking, the thumbs-up gesture in American culture typically indicates “I like that”, while the thumbs-down gesture indicates your negative feelings towards something. The gesture has been linked to the time of the Roman arena, where the emperor supposedly ordered life or death for a gladiator by turning thumbs up or thumbs down.

4________

Crossing one’s fingers serves as protection from bad luck or from the penalties associated with lying. Thus, when people wish for good luck, they cross their fingers, and when they wish not to be responsible for a lie, they cross their fingers and hide their arms behind their backs to not let on that they are lying.

5________

By sticking out their tongues, people react to situations that may be unpleasant for them. Such displays indicate laughing or rejection. For example, children often stick out their tongues to tease each other. Or, they may also stick out their tongues in reaction to activities requiring undistracted attention; hence, the tongue-showing of children focused on their homework.

A. Showing that you are wrong
B. Denoting a state of being concentrated
C. Showing an aim of avoiding negative consequences
D. Demonstrating your peaceful aims
E. Indicating a feeling of being helpless
F. Expressing approval or disapproval
G. Expressing a feeling of being astonished
H. Denoting that everything іs fine

Task 2. Read the text and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

It’s rare for travellers to return from Namibia with anything other than highly favourable praise. What makes Namibia so special is how easy it is to take a safari that won’t break anyone’s bank account. With little population and enough mineral resources to make it one of Africa’s wealthiest countries, Namibia, though somewhat troubled by land reform issues, is largely a model of peace, stability and inter-ethnic respect. If you’re confident behind the wheel, you can travel totally independently, staying at simple campsites or fabulously designed bush lodges as you go.

Distances in Namibia might be long but the roads are generally in reasonable shape meaning a 4×4 is rarely needed for much of the country. It’s also a very safe country with delinquency against tourists very rare indeed even in the bigger towns (which frankly are still virtual villages). It’s true that you don’t get the high density of wildlife here that you might find in some other African countries, but an enormous richness of flora and fauna and relative lack of crowds make Namibia one of the best safari destinations in Africa.

Namibia was the first place I really travelled in Africa.

With the exception of the Zambezi Region, most of Namibia is comprised of harsh and inhospitable desert, but I’ve always found it extremely beautiful. The iconic views of the dunes certainly live up to even the highest of expectations, particularly in the early morning light.

The Namibian sand was calling my name, so I grabbed my Kalahari Ferraris (sand boards) and hit the dunes. I didn’t even have time to catch my breath and I was pushed over the edge. My heart was thumping in my chest as I was going downhill.

After the adrenaline burst I wandered the beach and streets of Swakopmund and came across the world’s largest quartz crystal cluster.

My next stop was Cape Cross, home to over 100,000 cape fur seals; half of them were one-month-old pups. The moment we saw the seals my mouth dropped open. Many of the adorable pups were taking their first swim in the ocean. Then something awesome yet scary happened, I was charged by a seal. He was trapped 1n the pathway and thought I was in his breeding area. At first it was kind of fun having the seal so close to me but when he bared his teeth I ran as fast as I could to the truck.

Next I was off to Brandberg. On my way I visited a local Himba village and learnt about their culture and purchased some traditional crafts. The Himba people rub their bodies in a red organic dye and fat to protect them from the harsh desert climate. Then I went back in time 6,000 years to when the local Bushmen roamed the land. There were ancient rock engravings that they used to inform the other tribes what animals were in the area, what animals they were hunting, and to teach the children about the animals. My favourites were the drawings of the giraffe. Did you know the Bushmen never killed the giraffe because they thought the giraffe had long necks to speak to the sky gods who brought the rain?

6. What is NOT mentioned among the encouraging reasons to visit Namibia?

A. a low crime rate
B. few tourists
C. a variety of species
D. sandy beaches

7. Which of the following is TRUEof the author’s trip across the Namibian deserts?

A. He drove fast cars across the deserts.
B. He looked for a crystal deposit in the sands.
C. He was excited about sliding down the dunes.
D. He had to cross a desert to get to the sea shore.

8. Why did the seal chase the traveller?

A. Because he did research on the seals’ habitat.
B. Because he trespassed on the seal’s territory.
C. Because he was moving about too quickly.
D. Because he was watching the seal pups.

9. How do the Himba tribe protect themselves from the local climate?

A. by wearing traditional clothes
B. by covering their skin with substances
C. by eating plenty of fatty food
D. by swimming in the ocean

10. What does the author say about the pictures on the rocks?

A. They were drawn with natural paints.
B. They showed local fauna.
C. They depicted ancient gods.
D. They were made by children.

Task 3. Read the texts below. Match choices (A – H) to 11 – 16. There are two choices you don’t need to use.

Top Things to Do in Chicago

11_________ 

The Field Museum

Every trip to Chicago should include a date with Sue. Holding court in The Field Museum’s grand Stanley Field Hall, the remarkable Sue is the world’s largest, most complete, and best-preserved Tyrannosaurus rex. Beyond The Field’s extensive rock and fossil collections, visitors can journey through 4 billion years of life on Earth in the Evolving Planet exhibit and admire precious stones — from their rough beginnings to sparkling jewellery.

12_________ 

John Hancock Observatory

Located in the heart of the Windy City’s tourist district, the John Hancock Observatory — with its one-of-a-kind open-air Skywalk — is open until 11 p.m. daily. The fastest elevators in North America zoom to the 94th floor — 305 meters up — in only 40 seconds. The real fun is spotting Chicago landmarks, such as Wrigley Field, Navy Pier, and glamorous marinas. Guests enjoy a multimedia Sky Tour and can contemplate Chicago’s history on the 24-meter history wall.

13_________ 

Museum of Science and Industry

The largest science centre in the Western Hemisphere, the Museum of Science and Industry was the first museum in North America to offer visitors the chance to touch and interplay with exhibits. That tradition continues to this day with exhibits that encourage people to do more than watch: you can make a giant heart beat in time to your own, open a Chicago River drawbridge for a model train, and practice your moves with the help of a virtual instructor.

14_________ 

Encompassing more than 20 hectares of prime Chicago lakefront territory, Navy Pier is truly a city within the city. With shopping, restaurants, parks and gardens, museums and attractions galore, this Chicago landmark attracts millions every year. Fireworks light up the Chicago skyline twice a week during the summer months, and the 150-foot (45.7 meters) Ferris wheel operates year-round, weather permitting. It’s no wonder that Navy Pier is often considered one of the top things to do in Chicago.

15_________ 

Millennium Park

It may be one of Chicago’s newest places to visit, but Millennium Park has quickly become a destination of choice for travellers and locals alike. With hundreds of free concerts offered throughout the year at the dramatic Jay Pritzker Pavilion; an immense, walk-up-and-touch sculpture known affectionately as “The Bean’; and a 2.2-hectare garden to explore, Millennium Park lives up to the Chicago’s official Latin motto: Urbs in Horto — City in a Garden.

16_________ 

Chicago Food Planet Food Tours

Rated Best Chicago Tour by Lonely Planet, Chicago Food Planet Food Tours offer unique 3-hour food tasting and cultural walking tours focused exclusively in Chicago’s off-the-beaten-path neighbourhoods. Suitable for all age groups and fitness levels, they provide a local experience so you feel like a native Chicagoan. Their guided, narrated food tours include mouth-watering food tastings, enough for a hearty lunch. It 1s a fantastic way for visitors and locals alike to discover the hidden gems of Chicago!

Which place of interest ______________?

A. provides a device to take you up in no time
B. hosts a number of public performances 
C. boasts old sculptures decorating its facade 
D. offers seasonal attractions to its visitors
E. displays a life-size model of a dinosaur
F. exhibits the life evolution through gems 
G. lets its visitors manipulate the exhibits
H. lies off the popular tourist routes

Task 4. Read the text below. Choose from A-H the one which best fits each space. There are two choices you don’t need to choose.

Oscar-Winning Novelist

Sidney Sheldon 1917-2006

To succeed on Broadway, in Hollywood, on TV or in popular fiction (17)______ , said The Guardian. The extraordinary feat of Sidney Sheldon, who died aged 89 was to have triumphed in all four. He won an Oscar, had six plays produced on Broadway, (18)_____ and wrote three successful TV series, including Hart to Hart.

Born in Chicago in 1917, Sidney Schechtel was the son of a salesman and the only member of his family to complete high school, said The Independent. He (19)______ , but during the Depression was forced to leave in order to find paid work as a nightclub attendant. After (20)______ , he moved to New York to work in Tin Pan Alley and then went on to Hollywood. His major film success came in 1947 when he won an Oscar for the best original screenplay for The Bachelor and the Bobby Soxer, starring Gary Grant and Shirley Temple.

It wasn’t until the age of 52 (21)______ , The Naked Face, which was followed by a series of blockbusters. A workaholic, Sheldon (22)______ , said The Times. Thus for Bloodline, set in the Pharmaceuticals world, he travelled 100,000 miles and read 60 tomes about Swiss cosmetics. Reviewers often described his writing as “trashy”, but Sheldon always insisted that he wrote not for critics, but for his readers. It was his proud boast that his novels were read by “everyone, from hookers to housewives… truck drivers in India to oil workers in Norway”.

A. sold millions of books
B. successfully selling lyrics to the club band
C. are the cherished dreams of the writer
D. is the ambition of countless authors
E. spent a year researching each one
F. worked not for becoming famous
G. that he published his first novel
H. won a scholarship to Northwestern University

Task 5. Read the text. For questions (23-32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

African Elephant      

African elephants are the largest land animals on Earth. They are slightly larger than their Asian cousins and can be identified by their larger ears that (23)_____ a bit like the continent of Africa.

Elephant ears (24)_____ heat to help keep these large animals cool, but sometimes the African heat is too much. Elephants are fond of water and enjoy (25)_____ by sucking water into their trunks and spraying it all (26)_____ themselves. Afterwards, they often spray their skin with a protective coating of dust.

An elephant’s trunk is (27)_____ a long nose used for smelling, breathing, trumpeting, drinking, and also for (28)_____ things — especially a potential meal. The trunk alone (29)______ about 100,000 different muscles.

Both male and female African elephants have tusks they use to (30)_____ food and water and strip bark from trees. Males use the tusks to battle one another, but the ivory has also attracted violence of a far more dangerous sort.

Because ivory is so (31)______ to some humans, many elephants have been killed for their tusks. This trade is illegal today, but it has not been completely eliminated, and some African elephant populations remain (32)______ .

23. A. resemble B. look C. remind  D. match
24. A. shine B. express C. radiate  D. spread
25. A. showering B. drinking C. raining  D. watering
26. A. above B. across C. about  D. over
27. A. fortunately B. actually C. finally   D. hardly
28. A. rising B. licking C. sneezing  D. grabbing
29. A. consists B. keeps C. contains  D. gets
30. A. dig for B. dig into  C. dig down  D. dig through
31. A. estimable B. valuable C. assessable  D. affordable
32. A. extinct B. dangerous C. endangered  D. threatening

Task 6. Read the text. For questions (33-42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Your Amazing Brain

Your brain is faster and more powerful than a supercomputer

You carry around a (33)_____ mass of wrinkly material in your head that controls every single thing you will ever do. From enabling you to think, learn, create, and feel emotions to (34)_____ every blink, breath, and heartbeat — this (35)_____ control centre is your brain. It is a structure (36)_____ amazing that a famous scientist once called it “the most complex thing we (37)_____ in our universe yet.”

33. A. three-pound B. three-pounds C. three-pound’s    D. three-pounds’
34. A. control B. controlling C. controlled  D. be controlling
35. A. fantasy B. fantast C. fantastically  D. fantastic
36. A. such B. like C. as   D. so
37. A. discover B. discovered C. have discovered   D. had discovered

Music in My Life

High school can be a very stressful time in a teenager’s life. Music gives teens an outlet to express their emotions and comforts them when they feel no one (38)_____ how they feel. The beauty of music is that there is no single type of music.

My passion is for music that tells a story. I also love music that has a new sound or something that sounds classic and raw, like live performances using acoustic instruments. Music also has the power to express opinion. Opinions on politics, religion, and people can (39)_____ in some of my music, but the music I like most is free of any politics since I feel there is too much politics in everything else. Music should be a unique expression of an (40)_____ feelings and views on the world. I like being able to mix the past and the present. Bands from the past let me get an idea of (41)_____ life was like before I was born.

Music helps me and many other people my age cope with the daily stresses of high school and lets us (42)_____ the pressure from our peers. We can listen to some music in our rooms to escape from the world and to get over things like little fights with our parents.

Music affects every part of my life, the way I dress, my art, my language.

38. A. understood B. understands C. understand D. is understanding
39. A. find B. to be found C. found  D. be found
40. A. artists’ B. artists C. artist’s  D. artist
41. A. which B. that C. what  D. how
42. A. to avoid B. avoids C. avoid  D. avoided

What’s your opinion of External Independent Testing Test 4?

1.

ВАРИАНТ 1
Время выполнения работы 3 часа 10 мин ( 190 минут)
Работа состоит из четырёх разделов:
«Аудирование», «Чтение», «Грамматика и лексика», «Письменная
речь».
Раздел 1 («Аудирование») содержит 9 заданий. Рекомендуемое
время на
выполнение заданий раздела 1 составляет 30 минут.
Раздел 2 («Чтение») содержит 9 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на
выполнение заданий раздела 2 составляет 30 минут.
Раздел 3 («Грамматика и лексика») содержит 20 заданий.
Рекомендуемое
время на выполнение заданий раздела 3 составляет 40 минут.

2.

1
Задание 1
Прослушайте шесть высказываний. Установите соответствие
между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями,
данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение,
обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В
задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу.
1.Your health may stop you from taking baths.
2.Taking baths is not environmentally friendly.
3.Technical innovations make a shower a great experience.
4.Taking a bath isn’t as wasteful as you may think.
5.Taking showers helps me to stay healthy.
6.Taking a bath is a perfect way to relax.
7.There are both pluses and minuses about baths and showers.
Говорящий
Утверждение
A
B
C
D
E
F

3.

2
Задание 2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых
утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True),
какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то
есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни
отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер
выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись
дважды.
A. Katy is a regular cinema goer.
B. Katy and Mike promised their friends to see the film.
C. Mike offers his help with Math to Katy.
D. Katy has some chores to do in the evening.
E. Katy loves sports, especially yoga.
F. Katy and Mike will watch Men in Black on Thursday.
G. Katy agrees to see a film on DVD with Mike.
Говорящий
Соответстви
е диалогу
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

4.

Задание 3
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа
цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Вы услышите запись дважды.
3
Which of the following is NOT true about Alice’s novel Stars?
1) It’s her debut book.
2) It’s quite popular with readers.
3) It’s published all over the world.
4
What
do we learn about Alice at the beginning of the interview?
.
1) She won numerous prizes for her writing.
2) She became famous when still at college.
3) Writing is not her only occupation.
5
What’s the name of the main character of the novel Stars?
1) Jessica.
2) Liam.
3) Arthur.
6
Alice’s novel starts with a …
1) police investigation.
2) marriage.
3) a catastrophe.
7
8
9
What is unusual about the format of Alice’s novel?
1) It’s narrated by the voice in character’s head.
2) It’s a number of e-mail messages.
3) It’s an exchange of private letters.
According to Alice, what was the biggest difficulty in writing her novel?
1) Explaining to the reader every event.
2) Leaving the reader enough indications on what’s happening.
3) Keeping the novel not too long
When does Alice do most of her writing?
1) At working hours.
2) Returning home from work.
3) At the weekends.

5.

D. As symbols of respect and courage, knights turned out to be an intriguing
mix of all the things that made males the best, as their education included the
most effective sorts of exercises for the brain and the human body. Knight
tournaments were a good way for the knights to try out the actual travails of
fighting and never having to go through the pain and troubles of having to
look after themselves, and of their kingdoms.
E. Were there any women pirates in Renaissance England? They were in the
minority, but they were never the less there and very able. Lady Mary was a
daughter of a pirate and married to a pirate. When her husband died, she
recruited her castle staff and went to sea herself. Her luck ran out when she
captured a German captain, who was a friend of Queen Elizabeth. So Lady
Mary quit piracy … and started selling stolen goods.
F. Russia is an amazing holiday destination. It should be visited during the
festival season, as it reveals the rich cultural tradition and fascinating
customs of its people. While the festivals come from the Christian
legacy Russia shares with Europe and America, the manner of celebration is
unique. Enthusiastic travelers suggest planning a Russian holiday during the
festival time and to be sure that the memories will last a lifetime!
G. Normally very fine textiles are found in graves. Obviously, the quality of
clothing worn in the Middle Ages would reduce with lower ranks, but even the
slaves did not wear cloth as rough as people thought in the past and some
still do today. Slaves would probably wear their master’s clothes, which may
have been very thin in places and not decorated. They would usually receive
the underclothes to be worn as overclothes.
Текст
Заголовок
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

6.

11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями
предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в
списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
The languages of integration
Every year the European Day of Languages is marked on 26 September. The idea behind
the event is to raise public awareness of all the languages spoken in Europe and the
importance of language learning in A______________. The European Day of Languages
celebrates linguistic diversity as one of Europe’s strengths, B_______________ of school.
The European Union is convinced C_____________________ compared with the
professional and personal opportunities lost due to inadequate language skills. That is why
many national governments encourage people to learn languages at all educational levels
and at all ages during their working life.
Many local authorities provide immigrants with language training, familiarization courses on
local society and culture, D_____________________. The latter elements are often
provided in the immigrants’ own languages.
One example is from the Flemish city of Ghent in Belgium, E_____________________
including 1200 hours of Dutch, plus 75 hours of civic orientation
courses. Hungary developed its national integration policy on the basis of a six-month pilot
project called Matra F_____________________, 700 hours of cultural and legal orientation,
and financial assistance with living expenses. The Finnish education system supports the
maintenance and development of the mother tongues of immigrants to ensure what it calls
functional bilingualism.
1.and assistance in finding jobs in a new country
2.spreading tolerance and mutual understanding
3.upbringing healthier and more athletic children
4.that the cost of promoting language learning is modest
5.that included 1200 hours of language teaching for immigrants
6.and encourages lifelong language learning in and out
7.where immigrants are offered an introductory programme
Пропуск
Часть
предложени
я
A
B
C
D
E
F

7.

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании
обведите букву A, B, C или D, соответствующую выбранному
вами варианту ответа.
Your amazing brain
You carry around a three-pound mass of wrinkly material in your head that
controls every single thing you will ever do. From enabling you to think, learn,
create, and feel emotions to controlling every blink, breath, and heartbeat –
this fantastic control center is your brain. It is a structure so amazing that in
the foreword to Discovering the Brain, famous scientist James Watson wrote,
“The brain is the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.
It contains hundreds of billions of cells interlinked through trillions of
connections. The brain confuses the mind.” Obviously to understand brain
function, we need to confront its complexity.
Imagine your kitten is on the kitchen counter. She’s about to step onto a stove.
You have only seconds to act. Accessing the signals coming from your eyes,
your brain quickly calculates when, where, and at what speed you will need to
dive to intercept her. Then it orders your muscles to do so. Your timing is
perfect and she’s safe. No computer can come close to your brain’s awesome
ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information coming from
your eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
Your brain contains about 100 billion microscopic cells called neurons – so
many it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. Whenever you
dream, laugh, think, see, or move, it’s because tiny chemical and electrical
signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron
highways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless
messages zip around inside it every second like a supercharged pinball
machine. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones
in the entire world. And while a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of
electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power
a low-wattage bulb.
Neurons send information to your brain at more than 150 miles (241
kilometers) per hour. For example, a bee lands on your bare foot. Sensory
neurons in your skin relay this information to your spinal cord and brain at a
speed of more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. Your brain then uses
motor neurons to transmit the message back through your spinal cord to your
foot to shake the bee off quickly. Motor neurons can relay this information at
more than 200 miles (322 kilometers) per hour.

8.

Riding a bike seems impossible at first. But soon you master it. How? As
you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages along certain
pathways of neurons over and over, forming new connections. In fact, the
structure of your brain changes every time you learn, as well as whenever
you have a new thought or memory.
It is well known that any exercise that makes your heart beat faster, like
running or playing basketball, is great for your body and can even help
improve your mood. But large-scale efforts of scientists from a group of
institutes from the National Institutes of Health have recently showed that for
a period of time after you’ve exercised, your body produces a chemical that
makes your brain more receptive for gaining new knowledge. So if you’re
stuck on a homework problem, go out and play a game of soccer, then try
the problem again. You just might discover that you’re able to solve it.
12
According to the text, the most distinctive characteristic of the
brain is its …
A) ability to control the body.
B) elaborateness.
C) size.
D) weight.
13
The claims that the brain is better than any computer because it …
A) processes more information.
B) works faster.
C) can download information from different sources.
D) reacts to information more adequately.
14
According to the text, the work of brain neurons influences …
A) electricity production.
B) our dreams.
C) everything we do.
D) character of messages we send.

9.

15
The narrator compares the work of neurons to a pinball machine to …
A) show the character of brain work.
B) raise the awareness of the brain’s nature.
C) stress the amount of information that the brain processes.
D) illustrate the shape of the neuron highways.
16
Comparing sensory and motor neurons, we can make a conclusion
that …
A) motor neurons transmit information faster.
B) there are more motor neurons.
C) sensory neurons transmit information faster.
D) there are more sensory neurons.
17
The structure of brain changes when …
A) our memory fails.
B) new neurons appear.
C) we are riding a bike.
D) we acquire new knowledge.
18
Physical exercises proved to be good for …
A) the production of brain chemicals.
B) solving homework problems.
C) giving the brain a rest.
D) maintaining a good mood.

10.

Прочтите текст ниже. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные
заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных цифрами 19-24,
чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.
Заполните пропуски словами, которые вы получили. Каждый проход
соответствует отдельной задаче из группы 19-24.
The largest snowfall in decades
19
20
21
This week’s snowfall in Brazil is one of the largest in
decades. As snow on the ground is not a very
common landscape in a so-called tropical country,
everybody ______ excited when they saw streets in
snow. In the cities by the sea people are used to
spending the summer sun bathing. They ______
very much when they saw snow covering the city. It
______ long before social media became loaded
with pictures of white fields and roads, and
snowmen.
FEEL
SURPRISE
NOT/BE
Flood in Santa Claus’ home
22
23
24
The usual images of the North Pole are impressive
ice sheets, but scenes from a webcam there reveal a
different story. Meteorologists have reported that
temperatures in early July were one to three degrees
Celsius _____ than the year’s average over most of HIGH
the Arctic Ocean.
Thanks to rapidly melting ice, Santa Claus now
______ his own swimming pool. The North Pole is
HAVE
currently a lake, Canada.com reports. The lake is
about a foot deep, ______ entirely of the melted ice CONSIST
itself. It shows a dramatic change is the Arctic
climate.

11.

Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному
заданию из группы 25-29. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
Understanding poetry
Poetry is language used to form patterns of sound and
thought into work of art. Good poems often seem to
suggest more than they say, and complete
understanding of the poem often depends upon the
25 sensitivity and ______ of the reader.
IMAGINE
26 Reading poetry in English can be especially ______ to HELP
speakers of other languages because it requires them
to think in English.
27 It also requires them to consider the subtle ______
MEAN
and connotations of words.
To understand the poem is to understand its images.
28
An image is a detailed ______ that appeals to the
senses.
DESCRI
BE
It is like a picture drawn with words and like words, it
29
can have ______ meanings.
These images often do more than describe a scene or
experience – they try to create an experience for the
reader.
VARY

12.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30 – 36.
Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30 – 36, в которых
представлены возможные варианты ответов (А, B, C, D).
Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
My family
I don’t believe anyone could describe me as a snob. However, I do believe that the
30 _______
saying “There’s a place for everything, and everything has its place” (1)
equally well to human beings.
31 _______ that during
I was born in Yorkshire in Victorian times and I can safely (2)
this period my family played a considerable role. My father, Sir Raymond
Hardcastle, was not only an inventor and industrialist of great imagination and skill,
but he also built up one of the nation’s most successful companies. At the same
32 _______ his workers as if they were all part of the family. Indeed
time he always (3)
33_______, whenever he dealt with those less
it was this example that he (4)
fortunate than himself that has been the benchmark by which I have attempted to
conduct my own life.
34_______ there were only a
I have no brothers and just one elder sister, Amy. (5)
couple of years between us, I cannot pretend that we were even particularly close,
perhaps because I was an outgoing child, while she was shy and reserved. Her
only interests in life were gardening, crochet work and the occasional visit to
Scarborough festival. She never (6)
35_______ an attempt to get out of the family
circle.
Gerald and I first met when I had been a houseguest at Lord Fanshaw’s country
36_______, we had much in common. We were
home in Norfolk. As it turned (7)
married in July 1895 and our son Guy was born a year later. My father simply doted
on Guy and left everything to him.
30
A) concerns
31
influences
32
B) applies
C) affects
D)
A) say
B) speak
C) tell
D) talk
33
A) counted
B) dealt
C) judged
D)
34
treated
35
A) did
B) made
C) set
36
put
B) although
C) therefore
A) however
D)
D)

13.

37
You have received an email message from your English-speaking
pen-friend Sandra:
From: Sandra @mail.uk
To: [email protected]
Subject: Food
…I’m living alone now as my parents are visiting my elder sister and her new
baby. I never thought we spend so much on food! Where do you usually buy
food? What’s the most expensive and the cheapest thing to eat in Russia? What
do you prefer – to eat in or to eat out, and why?
This month I’m working as a baby-sitter for my neighbours…
Write an email to Sandra.
In your message:
— answer her questions;
— ask 3 questions about her experience as a baby-sitter.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Subject: Food

14.

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или
38.2),
укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и выполните согласно
данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите
цифрами
Imagine that you are doing a project on what online platforms schools
use in Rusland. You have found some data on the subject – the results
of the opinion polls (see the table below).
Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the
subject of the project.
Platform
Number of respondents (%)
Zoom
47
Google classroom
30
Edvibe
11
Jazz
8
Pruffme
4
38.1
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise with distance learning and suggest a way
of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the role of e-learning in
schooling.

15.

Imagine that you are doing a project on advantages of living in the countryside
in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion
polls (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of
the project.
Advantages of living in countryside
38.2
Less amount of crime
5%
Lots of space
32%
Cheaper and more economic
16%
Access to organic food
Closer to nature
27%
20%
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise with living in the countryside and
suggest a way of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the best place for
living for you.

African Elephant

African elephants are the largest land animals on Earth. They are slightly larger than their Asian cousins and can be identified by their larger ears that (23)_____ a bit like the continent of Africa.

Elephant ears (24)_____ heat to help keep these large animals cool, but sometimes the African heat is too much. Elephants are fond of water and enjoy (25)_____ by sucking water into their trunks and spraying it all (26)_____ themselves. Afterwards, they often spray their skin with a protective coating of dust.

An elephant’s trunk is (27)_____ a long nose used for smelling, breathing, trumpeting, drinking, and also for (28)_____ things — especially a potential meal. The trunk alone (29)______ about 100,000 different muscles.

Both male and female African elephants have tusks they use to (30)_____ food and water and strip bark from trees. Males use the tusks to battle one another, but the ivory has also attracted violence of a far more dangerous sort.

Because ivory is so (31)______ to some humans, many elephants have been killed for their tusks. This trade is illegal today, but it has not been completely eliminated, and some African elephant populations remain (32)______ .

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25. Вербицкая скачать сборник ЕГЭ 2023 по английскому языку 20…

    20 типовых экзаменационных вариантов, составленных в соответствии с демоверсией КИМ ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2023 года; задания устной части; инструкции по выполнению экзаменационной работы (письменная и устная части); ответы ко всем заданиям; критерии оценивания. Выполнение заданий типовых экзаменационных вариантов предоставляет обучающимся возможность самостоятельно подготовиться к государственной итоговой аттестации в форме ЕГЭ, а также объективно оценить уровень своей подготовки к экзамену.

    100ballnik.com

26. Демонстрационные варианты ЕГЭ по английскому языку

    К заданиям первых трех разделов в демонстрационных вариантах даны ответы, а для заданий четвертого и пятого разделов приведены схемы и критерии оценивания. В демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ 2023 года по английскому языку по сравнению с демонстрационным вариантом 2022 года по английскому языку были внесены следующие изменения. Сокращено с 20 до 18 количество заданий в разделе 3 «Грамматика и лексика». Уменьшено максимальное количество баллов за выполнение заданий 1, 2, 10 и 11.

    www.resolventa.ru

27. Решать ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2023. Тесты

    Предложенные варианты были адаптированы под текущую демоверсию. В заданиях, где требуется выбрать один правильный ответ, мы решили оставить возможность «тыкать мышкой». Сделано это исключительно для вашего удобства.

    Разумеется, раздел будет постепенно пополняться новыми вариантами. И настоятельно рекомендуем набивать руку: письмо и эссе отправляйте на проверку нашему эксперту. Шлите репорты, если заметили какую-нибудь неточность в заданиях.

    neznaika.info

28. 2 варианта досрочного ЕГЭ 2020 по английскому языку

    Досрочные варианты EГЭ 2020 по английскому языку. → вариант 1. → вариант 2. → устная часть. → аудио. → ответы. Методические рекомендации ФИПИ обучающимся 11 классов по организации индивидуальной подготовки к ЕГЭ 2020 года по английскому языку. → скачать. Письменная часть экзамена состоит из четырёх разделов, которые идут в следующей последовательности: «Аудирование», «Чтение», «Грамматика и лексика», «Письмо».

    prooge.ru

29. ЕГЭ 2022. Английский язык. Варианты, тренировочные работы.

    Educational resources of the Internet — English. Образовательные ресурсы Интернета -. Английский язык. Главная страница (Содержание).

    ЕГЭ 2017. Английский язык. Тренировочные варианты с ответами: вариант 1, вариант 2, вариант 3, вариант 4, вариант 5, вариант 6, вариант 7, вариант 8, вариант 9, вариант 10, вариант 11, вариант 12, вариант 13, вариант 14, вариант 15, вариант 16, вариант 17, вариант 18.

    www.at.alleng.org

30. ЕГЭ английский по открытому банку заданий: записи сообщества

    И хотя в ЕГЭ на пару форм суффиксов меньше, но я оставила варианты с двумя формами (например, -ity/-ty вместо просто -ity). С помощью этих памяток можно контролировать, какие приставки и суффиксы вы уже изучили, а какие только предстоит.

    Уровни А2 и A2+/B1 English File Second Edition (American version) — бестселлер от Oxford University Press. Один из любимейших английских учебников для взрослых по всему миру! Пятиуровневый учебно-методический комплекс американского английского языка для взрослых в отличном качестве.

    vk.com

31. ЕГЭ 2021 английский язык 11 класс Музланова…

    М89 ЕГЭ-2021: Английский язык : 10 тренировочных вариан-. тов экзаменационных работ для подготовки к единому госу—дарственному экзамену / Е.С. Музланова. — Москва : Изда-тельство ACT, 2020.

    Цель пособия — помочь учащимся 10—11 классов и абитуриен-там в кратчайшие сроки подготовиться к итоговой аттестации по ан—глийскому языку в форме единого государственного экзамена. В сборнике представлены варианты экзаменационных работ, ко-торые можно использовать в качестве практического материала для подготовки к экзамену.

    100ballnik.com

32. ЕГЭ–2023, английский язык: задания, ответы, решения

    Тысячи заданий с решениями для подготовки к ЕГЭ–2023 по всем предметам. Система тестов для подготовки и самоподготовки к ЕГЭ.

    en-ege.sdamgia.ru

33. ЗАДАНИЕ 38.1/38.2 (ЕГЭ-2023) – English with Expert

    Предлагаю Вашему вниманию тренировочные варианты задания 38.1/38.2 для ЕГЭ-2023. За основу было взято пособие от разработчиков ФИПИ под ред. М.В. Вербицкой “ЕГЭ. Английский язык: типовые экзаменационные варианты”. ВАРИАНТ 1. Imagine that you are doing a project on how young people in Zetland prefer to celebrate New Year.

    outline a problem that can arise with the ways young people prefer to celebrate New Year and suggest a way of solving it; conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the best way for a teenager to celebrate New Year. ВАРИАНТ 2.

    ege-oge-english.ru

34. ЕГЭ–2023, английский язык: задания, ответы, решения

    Тысячи заданий с решениями для подготовки к ЕГЭ–2023 по всем предметам. Система тестов для подготовки и самоподготовки к ЕГЭ.

    en-ege.sdamgia.ru

35. ЕГЭ по английскому языку 11 класс 2023. Новый тренировочный…

    ЕГЭ 2023. Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из четырёх разделов («Аудирование», «Чтение», «Грамматика и лексика», «Письмо»), включающих в себя 38 заданий. На выполнение экзаменационной работы отводится 3 часа 10 минут (190 минут). В конце варианта приведены правильные ответы ко всем заданиям. Вы можете свериться с ними и найти у себя ошибки. Скачать тренировочный вариант ЕГЭ: Скачать. Интересные задания. 3. Mobileer goods were originally connected with… 1) electronic music programs. 2) software products.

    co8a.ru

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