You carry around a three-pound mass of wrinkly material in your head that controls every single thing you will ever do. From enabling you to think, learn, create, and feel emotions to controlling every blink, breath, and heartbeat — this fantastic control center is your brain. It is a structure so amazing that in the foreword to Discovering the Brain, famous scientist James Watson wrote, “The brain is the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe. It contains hundreds of billions of cells interlinked through trillions of connections. The brain confuses the mind.” Obviously to understand brain function, we need to confront its complexity.
Imagine your kitten is on the kitchen counter. She’s about to step onto a stove. You have only seconds to act. Accessing the signals coming from your eyes, your brain quickly calculates when, where, and at what speed you will need to dive to intercept her. Then it orders your muscles to do so. Your timing is perfect and she’s safe. No computer can come close to your brain’s awesome ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information coming from your eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
Your brain contains about 100 billion microscopic cells called neurons — so many it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see, or move, it’s because tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron highways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages zip around inside it every second like a supercharged pinball machine. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And while a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a low-wattage bulb.
Neurons send information to your brain at more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. For example, a bee lands on your bare foot. Sensory neurons in your skin relay this information to your spinal cord and brain at a speed of more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to transmit the message back through your spinal cord to your foot to shake the bee off quickly. Motor neurons can relay this information at more than 200 miles (322 kilometers) per hour.
Riding a bike seems impossible at first. But soon you master it. How? As you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages along certain pathways of neurons over and over, forming new connections. In fact, the structure of your brain changes every time you learn, as well as whenever you have a new thought or memory.
It is well known that any exercise that makes your heart beat faster, like running or playing basketball, is great for your body and can even help improve your mood. But large-scale efforts of scientists from a group of institutes from the National Institutes of Health have recently showed that for a period of time after you’ve exercised, your body produces a chemical that makes your brain more receptive for gaining new knowledge. So if you’re stuck on a homework problem, go out and play a game of soccer, then try the problem again. You just might discover that you’re able to solve it.
ВОПРОС 1: According to the text, the most distinctive characteristic of the brain is its
1) ability to control the body.
2) elaborateness.
3) size.
4) weight.
ВОПРОС 2: The claims that the brain is better than any computer because it
1) processes more information.
2) works faster.
3) can download information from different sources.
4) reacts to information more adequately.
ВОПРОС 3: According to the text, the work of brain neurons influences
1) electricity production.
2) our dreams.
3) everything we do.
4) character of messages we send.
ВОПРОС 4: The narrator compares the work of neurons to a pinball machine to
1) show the character of brain work.
2) raise the awareness of the brain’s nature.
3) stress the amount of information that the brain processes.
4) illustrate the shape of the neuron highways.
ВОПРОС 5: Comparing sensory and motor neurons, we can make a conclusion that
1) motor neurons transmit information faster.
2) there are more motor neurons.
3) sensory neurons transmit information faster.
4) there are more sensory neurons.
ВОПРОС 6: The structure of brain changes when
1) our memory fails.
2) new neurons appear.
3) we are riding a bike.
4) we acquire new knowledge.
ВОПРОС 7: Physical exercises proved to be good for …
1) the production of brain chemicals.
2) solving homework problems.
3) giving the brain a rest.
4) maintaining a good mood.
ВОПРОС 1: – 2
ВОПРОС 2: – 1
ВОПРОС 3: – 3
ВОПРОС 4: – 1
ВОПРОС 5: – 1
ВОПРОС 6: – 4
ВОПРОС 7: – 1
1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. See a snake crawling down
2. Natural wonder
3. Created to protect
4. Mysterious rocks
5. Lost city
6. The really cool place
7. Go there now
8. Ancient sculptures
A. Eight thousand feet above sea level, this five-century-old pre-Columbian site was once home to the Incas. Until American historian Hiram Bingham publicized his findings of the area in a book called “Across South America,” the mountain-top ruins were widely unknown to anyone living outside of the Urubamba Valley. Since Spanish colonialists had no idea of Machu Picchu’s existence, Incan architecture and design of the buildings were preserved.
B. Does the arrangement of the 25-ton sandstone blocks at Stonehenge suggest some sort of spiritual prediction? No one really knows. Theories about the nearly 5,000-year-old circular stone structure vary. The most intriguing time to visit Stonehenge is at sunset when a yellow-orange glow can be seen through the magnificent towers’ arches making some people believe that it was originally a place of healing, while others think it was used for ancestor worship.
C. The 1,500-year-old pyramids, located near the town of Merida, may be less popular than their equivalents in Egypt, but they are just as remarkable. Although there are many structures there like the Temple of the Warriors or the Wall of Skulls, the main attraction is El Castillo, the 78-foot, 91-step central pyramid. The absolute best time to travel to El Castillo is at sunset when shadows give the illusion that a large serpent is sliding down the pyramid.
D. The Earth’s southernmost point, Antarctica, is the driest and coldest of the seven continents. For a place that is 98 per cent covered in one-mile-deep ice, it is hard to imagine why anyone would want to visit it at all. But there is a strange beauty about Antarctica that is incomparable to anywhere else on the planet. Anyway, while Antarctica has no permanent residents, there are often up to 5,000 researchers working there at a time.
E. It is believed that hundreds of years ago the natives of Easter Island carved massive heads out of stone to honor their ancestors. Today, there are 887 “moai,” as the statues are called, which create a mysterious, yet intriguing landscape on this Polynesian island, which is a four-and-a-half hour flight from Lima, Peru. The tallest statue on the island, named Paro, is 33 feet high and weighs 82 tons.
F. North America’s Red Canyon is 277 river miles long, eighteen miles wide, and one mile deep, and if it doesn’t make your mouth drop with surprise, then you might not be human! Most tourists go there by car and there are plenty of spots along the way to pull the car over and have a look from the top. You can also go down into the canyon’s depths and experience the very heart of the canyon by going rafting on the Colorado River, and even spend the night at a hotel below the rim.
G. Thousands of miles long, the Great Wall of China is the largest cultural object humans have ever built. It majestically snakes through China, winds around rising and falling hills, twists through an enormous countryside, and stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Lake in the west. However, the wall was constructed more than 2,000 years ago not to amaze people, but in an attempt to keep out invading tribes from the north.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.
Finding your sportsman spirit
Doing sports, we can really test our physical fitness in contest, and it is one of the only ways that nations clash peacefully. Sportsmen and sportswomen are today’s warriors — the contests ___ (A) on the pitches and courts are the closest things we have to gladiatorial fighting.
If sportsmen are like warriors, then the ‘sportsman spirit’ could be considered the closest thing we have to a warrior’s code — to bushido or to chivalry. If you develop good sportsmanship then this means that you take joy in the contest and at the same time ___ (B), that you win graciously and that you don’t cheat.
If you have put time and effort into training then you are aware of the blood, sweat and tears that the opposition has put in as well. They will have had the same dedication to their game as you have and you will know precisely ___ (C) . In this way you are brothers (or sisters) and the only difference between you is ___ (D) different teams. For this reason they deserve your respect.
There are many traditions in many sports to help us retain good relationships with our opponents. This means things like shaking hands at the end of a tennis match, and this is ___ (E) and honourable rather than just being muddy skirmishes.
You might have performed brilliantly on the pitch, but you are kidding yourself if you believe ___ (F) of your own doing. If nothing else, the weather and luck will have played a role in the outcome, and if you’re playing a team sport then you are only one cog in a machine.
1. what keeps sports civil
2. who can’t keep their temper
3. that you chose
4. that you respect your opponent
5. that your victory was entirely
6. that are played out
7. what they have been through
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
According to the text, the most distinctive characteristic of the brain is its
1) ability to control the body.
2) elaborateness.
3) size.
4) weight.
4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The claims that the brain is better than any computer because it
1) processes more information.
2) works faster.
3) can download information from different sources.
4) reacts to information more adequately.
5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
According to the text, the work of brain neurons influences
1) electricity production.
2) our dreams.
3) everything we do.
4) character of messages we send.
6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The narrator compares the work of neurons to a pinball machine to
1) show the character of brain work.
2) raise the awareness of the brain’s nature.
3) stress the amount of information that the brain processes.
4) illustrate the shape of the neuron highways.
7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Comparing sensory and motor neurons, we can make a conclusion that
1) motor neurons transmit information faster.
2) there are more motor neurons.
3) sensory neurons transmit information faster.
4) there are more sensory neurons.
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The structure of brain changes when
1) our memory fails.
2) new neurons appear.
3) we are riding a bike.
4) we acquire new knowledge.
9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Physical exercises proved to be good for
1) the production of brain chemicals.
2) solving homework problems.
3) giving the brain a rest.
4) maintaining a good mood.
The structure of brain changes when …
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 – А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Your amazing brain
You carry around a three-pound mass of wrinkly material in your head that controls every single thing you will ever do. From enabling you to think, learn, create, and feel emotions to controlling every blink, breath, and heartbeat – this fantastic control center is your brain. It is a structure so amazing that in the foreword to Discovering the Brain, famous scientist James Watson wrote, “The brain is the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe. It contains hundreds of billions of cells interlinked through trillions of connections. The brain confuses the mind.” Obviously to understand brain function, we need to confront its complexity.
Imagine your kitten is on the kitchen counter. She’s about to step onto a stove. You have only seconds to act. Accessing the signals coming from your eyes, your brain quickly calculates when, where, and at what speed you will need to dive to intercept her. Then it orders your muscles to do so. Your timing is perfect and she’s safe. No computer can come close to your brain’s awesome ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information coming from your eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
Your brain contains about 100 billion microscopic cells called neurons – so many it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see, or move, it’s because tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron highways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages zip around inside it every second like a supercharged pinball machine. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And while a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a low-wattage bulb.
Neurons send information to your brain at more than 150 miles
(241 kilometers) per hour. For example, a bee lands on your bare foot. Sensory neurons in your skin relay this information to your spinal cord and brain at a speed of more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to transmit the message back through your spinal cord to your foot to shake the bee off quickly. Motor neurons can relay this information at more than 200 miles (322 kilometers) per hour.
Riding a bike seems impossible at first. But soon you master it. How? As you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages along certain pathways of neurons over and over, forming new connections. In fact, the structure of your brain changes every time you learn, as well as whenever you have a new thought or memory.
It is well known that any exercise that makes your heart beat faster, like running or playing basketball, is great for your body and can even help improve your mood. But large-scale efforts of scientists from a group of institutes from the National Institutes of Health have recently showed that for a period of time after you’ve exercised, your body produces a chemical that makes your brain more receptive for gaining new knowledge. So if you’re stuck on a homework problem, go out and play a game of soccer, then try the problem again. You just might discover that you’re able to solve it.
we acquire new knowledge.
— Правильный ответ
we are riding a bike.
new neurons appear.
our memory fails.
African Elephant
African elephants are the largest land animals on Earth. They are slightly larger than their Asian cousins and can be identified by their larger ears that (23)_____ a bit like the continent of Africa.
Elephant ears (24)_____ heat to help keep these large animals cool, but sometimes the African heat is too much. Elephants are fond of water and enjoy (25)_____ by sucking water into their trunks and spraying it all (26)_____ themselves. Afterwards, they often spray their skin with a protective coating of dust.
An elephant’s trunk is (27)_____ a long nose used for smelling, breathing, trumpeting, drinking, and also for (28)_____ things — especially a potential meal. The trunk alone (29)______ about 100,000 different muscles.
Both male and female African elephants have tusks they use to (30)_____ food and water and strip bark from trees. Males use the tusks to battle one another, but the ivory has also attracted violence of a far more dangerous sort.
Because ivory is so (31)______ to some humans, many elephants have been killed for their tusks. This trade is illegal today, but it has not been completely eliminated, and some African elephant populations remain (32)______ .
You are here
You carry around a three-pound mass of wrinkly material in your head that controls every single thing you will ever do
. From enabling you to think, learn, create, and feel emotions to controlling every blink, breath, and heartbeat—this fantastic control center is your brain.
It is a structure so amazing that a famous scientist once called it «the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.»
Задание №7019.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The narrator compares the work of neurons to a pinball machine to
1) show the character of brain work.
2) raise the awareness of the brain’s nature.
3) stress the amount of information that the brain processes.
4) illustrate the shape of the neuron highways.
Решение:
The narrator compares the work of neurons to a pinball machine to show the character of brain work.
Рассказчик сравнивает работу нейронов с автоматом для игры в пинбол, чтобы показать характер работы мозга.
«Countless messages zip around inside it every second like a supercharged pinball machine.»
Показать ответ
Источник: ЕГЭ. Английский язык: типовые экзаменационные варианты. Под ред. М.В. Вербицкой
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Установите соответствие между текстами A—G и заголовками 1-8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. TEST 05 |
1. See a snake crawling down С
2. Natural wonder F
3. Created to protect G
4. Mysterious rocks B
5. Lost city A
6. The really cool place D
7. Go there now
8. Ancient sculptures E
A. Eight thousand feet above sea level, this five-century-old pre-Columbian site was once home to the Incas. Until American historian Hiram Bingham publicized his findings of the area in a book called «Across South America,» the mountain-top ruins were widely unknown to anyone living outside of the Urubamba Valley. Since Spanish colonialists had no idea of Machu Picchu’s existence, Incan architecture and design of the buildings were preserved.
Исторические места и архитектура инков. Lost city
B. Does the arrangement of the 25-ton sandstone blocks at Stonehenge suggest some sort of spiritual prediction? No one really knows. Theories about the nearly 5,000-year- old circular stone structure vary. The most intriguing time to visit Stonehenge is at sunset when a yellow-orange glow can be seen through the magnificent towers’ arches making some people believe that it was originally a place of healing, while others think it was used for ancestor worship.
Stone hedge — место для излечения или поклонения предкам. Mysterious rocks
C. The 1,500-year-old pyramids, located near the town of Merida, may be less popular than their equivalents in Egypt, but they are just as remarkable. Although there are many structures there like the Temple of the Warriors or the Wall of Skulls, the main attraction is El Castillo, the 78-foot, 91-step central pyramid. The absolute best time to travel to El Castillo is at sunset when shadows give the illusion that a large serpent is sliding down the pyramid.
Пирамида El Castillo очень красивая при заходе солнца. See a snake crawling down
D. The Earth’s southernmost point, Antarctica, is the driest and coldest of the seven continents. For a place that is 98 per cent covered in one-mile-deep ice, it is hard to imagine why anyone would want to visit it at all. But there is a strange beauty about Antarctica that is incomparable to anywhere else on the planet. Anyway, while Antarctica has no permanent residents, there are often up to 5,000 researchers working there at a time.
Антарктика – очень красивое место, там работают ученые. The really cool place
E. It is believed that hundreds of years ago the natives of Easter Island carved massive heads out of stone to honor their ancestors. Today, there are 887 «moai,» as the statues are called, which create a mysterious, yet intriguing landscape on this Polynesian island, which is a four-and-a-half hour flight from Lima, Peru. The tallest statue on the island, named Paro, is 33 feet high and weighs 82 tons.
Статуи голов на Easter Island. Ancient sculptures
F. North America’s Red Canyon is 277 river miles long, eighteen miles wide, and one mile deep, and if it doesn’t make your mouth drop with surprise, then you might not be human! Most tourists go there by car and there are plenty of spots along the way to pull the car over and have a look from the top. You can also go down into the canyon’s depths and experience the very heart of the canyon by going rafting on the Colorado River, and even spend the night at a hotel below the rim.
Red Canyon – очень красивое место. Natural wonder
G. Thousands of miles long, the Great Wall of China is the largest cultural object humans have ever built. It majestically snakes through China, winds around rising and falling hills, twists through an enormous countryside, and stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Lake in the west. However, the wall was constructed more than 2,000 years ago not to amaze people, but in an attempt to keep out invading tribes from the north.
Предназначение Great Wall of China See a snake crawling down
| № текста | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| тема | 5 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 3 |
ВСЕ ТЕСТЫ
Your amazing brain
You carry around a three-pound mass of wrinkly material in your head that controls every single thing you will ever do. From enabling you to think, learn, create, and feel emotions to controlling every blink, breath, and heartbeat — this fantastic control center is your brain. It is a structure so amazing that in the foreword to Discovering the Brain, famous scientist James Watson wrote, “The brain is the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe. It contains hundreds of billions of cells interlinked through trillions of connections. The brain confuses the mind.” Obviously to understand brain function, we need to confront its complexity.
Imagine your kitten is on the kitchen counter. She’s about to step onto a stove. You have only seconds to act. Accessing the signals coming from your eyes, your brain quickly calculates when, where, and at what speed you will need to dive to intercept her. Then it orders your muscles to do so. Your timing is perfect and she’s safe. No computer can come close to your brain’s awesome ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information coming from your eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
Your brain contains about 100 billion microscopic cells called neurons — so many it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see, or move, it’s because tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron highways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages zip around inside it every second like a supercharged pinball machine. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And while a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a low-wattage bulb.
Neurons send information to your brain at more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. For example, a bee lands on your bare foot. Sensory neurons in your skin relay this information to your spinal cord and brain at a speed of more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to transmit the message back through your spinal cord to your foot to shake the bee off quickly. Motor neurons can relay this information at more than 200 miles (322 kilometers) per hour.
Riding a bike seems impossible at first. But soon you master it. How? As you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages along certain pathways of neurons over and over, forming new connections. In fact, the structure of your brain changes every time you learn, as well as whenever you have a new thought or memory.
It is well known that any exercise that makes your heart beat faster, like running or playing basketball, is great for your body and can even help improve your mood. But large-scale efforts of scientists from a group of institutes from the National Institutes of Health have recently showed that for a period of time after you’ve exercised, your body produces a chemical that makes your brain more receptive for gaining new knowledge. So if you’re stuck on a homework problem, go out and play a game of soccer, then try the problem again. You just might discover that you’re able to solve it.
ВОПРОС 1: According to the text, the most distinctive characteristic of the brain is its
1) ability to control the body.
2) elaborateness.
3) size.
4) weight.
ВОПРОС 2: The claims that the brain is better than any computer because it
1) processes more information.
2) works faster.
3) can download information from different sources.
4) reacts to information more adequately.
ВОПРОС 3: According to the text, the work of brain neurons influences
1) electricity production.
2) our dreams.
3) everything we do.
4) character of messages we send.
ВОПРОС 4: The narrator compares the work of neurons to a pinball machine to
1) show the character of brain work.
2) raise the awareness of the brain’s nature.
3) stress the amount of information that the brain processes.
4) illustrate the shape of the neuron highways.
ВОПРОС 5: Comparing sensory and motor neurons, we can make a conclusion that
1) motor neurons transmit information faster.
2) there are more motor neurons.
3) sensory neurons transmit information faster.
4) there are more sensory neurons.
ВОПРОС 6: The structure of brain changes when
1) our memory fails.
2) new neurons appear.
3) we are riding a bike.
4) we acquire new knowledge.
ВОПРОС 7: Physical exercises proved to be good for …
1) the production of brain chemicals.
2) solving homework problems.
3) giving the brain a rest.
4) maintaining a good mood.
ВОПРОС 1: – 2
ВОПРОС 2: – 1
ВОПРОС 3: – 3
ВОПРОС 4: – 1
ВОПРОС 5: – 1
ВОПРОС 6: – 4
ВОПРОС 7: – 1
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